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Hormones are chemicals that control when and how certain organs
work. They are made by glands in the body. In women, the hormone
estrogen (made primarily by the ovaries), plays a key role
in the reproductive system, menstrual periods, menopause, and
the health of bones, heart, and blood vessels.
Estrogen is made during the entire menstrual cycle, causing
the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to thicken each month.
The amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries slowly decreases
as women age, causing the menstrual period to stop. A sudden
drop in estrogen can also occur if the ovaries are removed
surgically.
Menopause is defined as no period for one year. During the
time before an after menopause, a woman produces less estrogen,
possibly resulting in hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal
dryness, as well as possible bone loss (osteoporosis). Because
of this, many women take HRT to restore estrogen and progesterone
after menopause.
Women who have a uterus may need to take both estrogen and
progesterone, and those who have had their uterus removed may
need just estrogen.
HRT can be given by pills, patches, creams or gels. Your doctor
may prescribe one of these types of therapy. HRT may be the
best way to treat some health problems that confront women
at menopause. Although there may be a small risk associated
with HRT, it also offers long-term benefits that can improve
womens health and quality of life. |
